The Future of Ovarian Cancer Treatment: The Promise of Epigenetic Markers
Şu kitabın bölümü:
Bilgili,
A.
(ed.)
2023.
Current Researches in Health Sciences-III.
Özet
Epigenetics refers to inheritable DNA changes that occur without altering the DNA sequence itself. It encompasses processes like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding regulatory RNA pathways, all of which influence gene activity in mammals. The Ten-Eleven Translocate (TET) enzyme family, including TET1, TET2, and TET3, plays a role in regulating DNA methylation and gene expression. TET1 specifically converts methylated cytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and protects CpG islands (CGIs) from improper methylation. In ovarian cancer, TET2 gene mutations have been associated with higher tumor grade, advanced stage, lymph node metastases, and vascular thrombosis. TET2 acts as a tumor suppressor gene, and its suppression may contribute to disease development. TET3, inherited from oocytes, is linked to several diseases, including ovarian cancer. Increased TET3 expression in ovarian cancer is associated with poor outcomes and prognosis, making it a potential indicator for the disease. While vitamin C's effectiveness against ovarian cancer is still being studied, it is important to note that research is in the early stages, and further evidence is needed to establish its efficacy. Overall, epigenetic mechanisms, TET enzymes, and their mutations play crucial roles in ovarian cancer progression, providing potential targets for future therapeutic interventions.