Viral arthritis is a self-limiting and non-destructive arthritis that occurs during or after various viral infections. The pathogenesis of viral arthritis is still not fully understood, but mechanisms such as direct invasion of synovial cells, immune complex formation and molecular mimicry (imitation) are emphasized. All over the world, the most common viruses causing arthritis are Parvovirus B19, Rubella, hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus and alphaviruses, and viruses such as Zika and Chikungunya are tropical viruses that cause arthritis in endemic areas. In addition, during the Covid -19 pandemic, which has been affecting the whole world since 2019, it has been determined that the SARS-CoV-2 virus also causes musculoskeletal symptoms such as arthritis and arthralgia. Many viral arthritis usually begin with nonspecific symptoms seen in viral infections. Joint involvement can be in different patterns. Although no major abnormality is usually observed in routine laboratory tests, they can sometimes lead to positivity of autoantibodies such as ANA, RF, Anti-ds DNA and ANCA. In addition, although it is usually a self-limiting form of arthritis, arthritis may become chronic, especially in immunodeficiency or in the presence of chronic persistent infection. Chronic rheumatic disease may be misdiagnosed in cases of long-lasting viral arthropathy. Viral infection may also be a triggering factor in the etiology of chronic rheumatic disease. It is important to make the differential diagnosis of viral arthritis, as the treatment modalities between the two disease groups are different.