Irrigation Activation Methods in Endodontics
Chapter from the book:
Pertek Hatipoğlu,
F.
(ed.)
2025.
Current Advances in Endodontics.
Synopsis
The primary objective of endodontic treatment is to effectively clean the contaminated and infected root canal system of microorganisms, treat the infection, and prevent reinfection in the future. Successful endodontic treatment relies on effective instrumentation, irrigation, and obturation of the root canal system. While bacteria are known to be the primary cause of pulp and periapical tissue diseases, endodontic infections are often polymicrobial in nature. The complex anatomy of the root canal system limits our ability to completely debride infected areas. Therefore, root canal preparation must be supported by an effective irrigation protocol to efficiently remove infection foci.
In recent years, various tools and techniques have been developed to assist irrigation in reducing bacterial and debris residues within the canal system. These include modern methods such as manual dynamic activation, sonic and ultrasonic activation, and laser activation, as well as traditional approaches like syringe irrigation. Clinical practices have shown that traditional methods often exhibit limitations in solution penetration, particularly in peripheral areas such as canal anastomoses and the apical region, due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system. To address these limitations, various activation techniques have been developed to enhance the penetration and efficacy of irrigation.
By combining manual and technological methods, the effectiveness of irrigation can be improved, minimizing the bacterial load and residual debris in the root canal system. These approaches play a crucial role in supporting the long-term success of root canal treatment.