The Bolsheviks came to power in Russia with the October Revolution under the leadership Vladimir İlyiç Lenin and established the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922. Josef Stalin, who took over the administration after the death Lenin, caused significant changes in the geography of Central Asia.

One of the nations most affected by the Soviet  policies during the Stalin tried to establish the Soviet policies during the Stalin era was Uzbekıstan territory. However to destroy the opposition intellectuals, politicians an dergy who did not adopt the Soviet regime . These practies reached their highest level in 1937 and 1938, during the Great Purge when the Soviet administration declared millions of people who were anti regime to be enemies of the people and either had them shot or sent to labor camps under  harsh condition.