In recent years, dam failure cases and their results have become among the disasters that attract attention worldwide. Dam failure, which causes loss of life and property in the settlement areas located in the downstream regions due to the sudden flooding of millions of cubic meters of water accumulated in their reservoirs, has started to become a subject evaluated within the scope of the disaster. Dam failure, which threatens the infrastructure investments of countries, is a subject based on data obtained by gaining experience from the cases experienced over many years. For this reason, the causes and mechanisms of the failure of embankment dams, especially those designed by imitating the ground structure, are evaluated under many headings. Within the scope of this book chapter, the causes of the failure of embankment dams are explained. In addition, the internal erosion mechanism, which is the leading cause of the collapse of embankment dams, is presented in detail.