Patella fractures are rare, traumas that can lead to serious functional losses in the knee and are seen in approximately 1-2 out of 100,000 per year. These fractures, which are more common in men, usually occur as a result of direct or indirect trauma. The patella is the largest sesamoid bone located in the front of the knee, which plays a role in knee extension. Injuries can cause comminuted fractures as a result of impact or compression in the flexed position of the knee.

Patella fractures are classified in various ways such as transverse, vertical, comminuted, marginal and osteochondral. The treatment method of the fracture is determined by the type of fracture, displacement and malalignment in the joint. While conservative treatment is applied in undisplaced stable fractures, surgical intervention may be required in larger displaced fractures. Surgical treatment is usually performed with techniques such as screws, tension bands or K-wires. Open fractures require urgent surgical intervention and early debridement and stable fixation are important in these cases.

The rehabilitation process begins with early physiotherapy and isometric exercises. After surgery, regular exercises are recommended to maintain knee mobility and prevent muscle atrophy. Complications include knee stiffness, infection, nonunion, and loss of reduction. In addition, treatment can be more challenging for older patients and individuals with osteoporotic bone structure. Once the fracture has healed, implants can usually be removed within a year. In order for the treatment process to be successful, the patient must be followed regularly and continue with appropriate exercise programs.