It is possible to say that religious radicalism has increasingly entered the world agenda in the process that started with Russia's invasion of Afghanistan. After the end of the years-long war in Afghanistan, there were radical religious groups, called mujahideen, who had fought against Russia. Osama Bin Laden, known as the planner of 9/11 events, is one of the legacies left by this war to the world. Founded in 1988 under the leadership of Osama Bin Laden, Al-Qaeda's attack on the twin towers in the USA managed to draw the attention of the world public opinion to radical religious groups and the Middle East. Over time, there have been differences of opinion within Al-Qaeda, and as a result of these differences, ISIS, a global terrorist organization, has emerged. ISIS, which has become a security threat at the international level in a short time, has lost its power in the Middle East as a result of Turkey's important operations today. In this study, the aims of religious radicalism, radicalization processes were analyzed, and the transformation process from Al Qaeda to ISIS was examined. As long as the processes leading to radicalization are socially addressed and measures are not developed, it is thought that such structures will continue to survive.