Optimization in the global supply chain holds critical strategic importance in today's competitive and rapidly changing business environment. This process aims to manage the flow of materials, information, and finances in the most efficient way. Various optimization methods are used to increase cost-effectiveness and minimize time loss in processes such as production, inventory, logistics, supplier selection, and distribution. Global supply chains are highly complex due to their operations across different countries and regions. Therefore, when considering uncertainties, risks, and delays, more flexible and resilient strategies must be developed. Metaheuristic algorithms, such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, and particle swarm optimization, are widely used and applied in modern technology to find optimal solutions in supply chains. These approaches not only reduce costs but also improve service quality, putting customer satisfaction at the forefront.