In an environment where change is faster than ever and competition is more brutal than ever, the most important determinant of organizations' survival is making the right strategic decisions. However, making the right strategic decisions alone is not sufficient to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The strategic decisions of the organization must be compatible with all functions of the organization and should be directed towards achieving the same organizational goals from a holistic perspective. Strategy makers and implementers in organizations consist of people. Therefore, people themselves should be considered as a strategic element that can give the organization a competitive advantage. According to the resource-based approach, it is extremely important to direct human resources, which are difficult to replace and imitate, in accordance with the basic strategic objectives of the organization. In this study, we tried to explain how the integration of general business strategies and human resources management practices with horizontal and vertical adaptation processes has an impact on the overall performance of the organization. The framework of general business strategies is limited to the generic (competitive strategies) strategies suggested by Porter. The roles of managers in horizontal and vertical adaptation processes, the problems that may be encountered in these processes, and the importance of the organizational structure are also discussed in this study. Considering that organizational structures also have a strategic role, especially in structuring human resources processes and making and implementing strategic decisions, mechanical and organic organizational structures are explained. And the strategic importance of the contributions of these organizational structures to the design harmony and integration process of human resources processes is also emphasized. As a result, this study aims to contribute to the field by underlining the positive effects of strategic human resources management on overall business performance.