Vaginitis is the most common gynecological disease in women of reproductive age. Mostly, vaginitis is caused by an infectious microorganism, but rarely vaginal atrophy, allergy, irritation, atopy, and inflammation can also cause vaginitis. Vaginal discharge, vulva itching, irritation, and bad odor are common symptoms of vaginitis. While complications such as endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease usually develop after bacterial vaginosis (BV), vaginitis occurring during pregnancy can cause complications such as chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, premature birth, and miscarriage. These serious complications that develop after symptomatic vaginitis show the importance of effective treatment in vaginitis.

Antimicrobial treatment is initiated against the causative agent at vaginitis treatment first. Oral or intravaginal metronidazole or clindamycin is generally preferred in the treatment of BV; in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis, oral fluconazole or topical azole-containing preparations are recommended. However, a limited number of high-quality clinical studies with a high level of evidence have shown that probiotic treatment is very beneficial in vaginitis. Replacement therapy with probiotics, especially those containing lactobacilli, is recommended to re-optimize the physiological vaginal ecosystem after antimicrobial treatment to ensure a full cure and prevent recurrence.

More clinical studies of high quality and involving a large number of patients are needed to ensure clinical standardization and create usage guidelines for these probiotics, which are very easy and reliable to use.