The source of people's superstitious beliefs, why they adhere to these beliefs tightly, and the reasons why they are not open to new ideas are explained in the book. In addition, what the concept of enlightenment means for Plato, the mental development of primitive man until today, the emergence of abstract thought in human history, the discovery of mind/logic, and the main reasons for the European enlightenment are discussed in the book. In the last part of the book, it is emphasized that human beings must acquire critical thinking skills for mental enlightenment, and some examples of in-class activities are given to help children acquire this skill in the classroom environment.