The population can be defined as the total number of individuals living together within specific geographical boundaries. Limited access to habitable areas constrains human settlement; thus, population planning is critical to enhance the quality of life and to utilize resources most efficiently.

Demography is a significant factor influencing both the causes and implications of future economic, social, and environmental trends (O'neill et al., 2001). Many global transformations directly or indirectly correlate with population dynamics. For instance, issues like climate change, energy demand, urbanization, transportation systems, agriculture, food security, and poverty can closely be associated with the evolution of the population. Countries where the population growth rate is highest are often economically disadvantaged. This situation directly corresponds to the limited resources and the pressures that population growth exerts on them.

Technological and economic advancements have historically directly affected population changes. In the early history of humanity, economic activities such as nomadic life and hunting necessitated a limited population. The limited resources accessible to hunting communities imposed a need for controlled population growth (Malthus, 1798). However, the advent of agriculture and the shift to sedentary life resulted in rapid population growth.

The Industrial Revolution is regarded as a pivotal turning point in population growth. The global population, which was around 1 billion in 1850, has approached 7.8 billion in contemporary times, with forecasts indicating 8.6 billion by 2030 and 9.8 billion by 2050. These projections necessitate the formulation of population forecasts to shape future policies and plans. Population projections serve as a fundamental tool in formulating development objectives, demographic planning, and urbanization strategies.