The increasing trend of giving birth in developed countries stands out as a prominent phenomenon. Birth tourism, which involves prospective parents traveling abroad with the aim of ensuring that their children become citizens of that country, is particularly observed to have a direction from less developed countries to developed ones. As a result, many developed countries have taken measures to limit or prevent birthright citizenship (jus soli) practices. These trends also have some adverse effects in the sending countries. Specifically, the tendency of those who acquire citizenship through birth to stay in the target country raises concerns about sending countries losing their skilled human resources. However, birth tourism is also favored by some countries due to its potential economic contributions and tax revenue. Therefore, birth tourism is a phenomenon that is widely discussed with both positive and negative aspects. In this section, within the context of health tourism, the concept of birth tourism, the motivations of participants, and the criticisms it has faced are discussed.