Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been one of the biggest problems on the global health agenda in recent years. Due to its effects on public health and the economic burden, it has become one of the most important topics on the worldwide health agenda. In this context, Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are known as bacteriocins in the microbial world, constituting the most important part of the defense mechanisms of bacteria. AMP is defined as low molecular weight proteins with a very high spectrum of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities against infectious bacteria, fungi, and viruses, such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative. It may bring implications for effective new drugs to overcome AMR. Therefore, AMPs are of great importance for the biopharmaceutical production of the pharmaceutical industry. Today, recombinant DNA technology is used in the production of many drugs. DNA technology has enabled the production of such molecules in laboratory environments by using bacterial and yeast cells as expression host systems. This chapter will discuss recent advances in AMPs, future directions, nanocarrier systems, and pharmaceutical applications, including expression systems and purification technologies.