Railway transportation makes significant contributions to the development of national economies and the increase in the welfare level of countries. Railway transportation (DYT) is an environmentally friendly and safe type of transportation as well as being an economical transportation. The demand for railways in domestic and international freight and passenger transportation is increasing. Investment costs of railway transportation are high. Therefore, although the railway installation and operation costs in Turkey are partially covered by the private sector, they are mainly covered by the public institution. Due to high investment costs, depreciation and operating costs of each vehicle that is not used effectively increase. Efficiency measurement can be applied in almost every business and sub-units of the business. Thanks to measurements, businesses can see their current situation and take correct and decisive steps for the future. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the efficiency values of TCDD enterprise in domestic and international freight transportation between 2010-2019. In addition, it is to determine in which years the business operates more effectively and to create reference years and recommendations for the business and relevant organizations. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic affecting the whole world and railway transportation, data for 2020 and 2021 were not taken into account. In efficiency measurement, output (Ton-km) and input (amount of cargo transported, main line length and number of freight wagons) variables were used, taking into account the studies in the literature. The data used in the research was compiled from TCDD activity reports and the Turkish Statistical Institute. DEAP-based Windows Analysis program (DEAP) was used to analyze the research data. In conclusion; While there was a 1.8% loss in average efficiency in domestic railway freight transportation, there was a 22.4% loss in international railway freight transportation. The year 2010 was the reference year for both types of transportation. The efficiency of international rail freight transportation tends to constantly decline, although there has been some improvement in some years. The reason for this means that other types of transportation are preferred rather than railway in foreign trade. Railway freight transportation needs to be made attractive in foreign trade.