Cysts are cavities in the bone or soft tissue, consisting of surrounding epithelial tissue, and containing a liquid or semi-solid substance. Clinically, the differentiation becomes more difficult as the cyst diameter decreases. Cysts grow painlessly, but as they grow, they can cause deformations in the jaw and face. In large cysts, paresthesia or anesthesia, uncharacteristic headache and neuralgia-like pain are seen due to the pressure of the cyst on the nerve endings. Spontaneous fractures can also be seen in large cysts. Cysts developing from odontogenic epithelium are mostly seen in the jaws. Most odontogenic cysts are found in the maxillary anterior region, followed by the mandibular molar region. Radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, residual cysts, and odontogenic creatocysts are the most commonly reported odontogenic cysts. Clinical misdiagnosis is possible due to similar clinical and radiological appearances of these cysts. However, careful understanding and interpretation of clinical and radiological pictures helps to identify jaw cysts and accurate diagnoses can be obtained with oral and maxillofacial pathology services. Cyst treatments differ according to the size and type of cyst. Curettage is the first treatment that comes to mind in small and locally non-aggressive cysts. In larger cysts, it is necessary to enucleate the cyst with surgical methods. In locally aggressive cysts with high recurrence potential, aggressive curettage of the bone surrounding the cyst is required as well as enucleation.