Advances in surgical technology have brought with it negative and undesirable results such as surgical site infection (SSI). SSI is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections. Morbidity and mortality increase in such infections, the length of hospital stay is prolonged, and the use of antibiotics increases. Controlled studies have shown that these infections can be significantly reduced with the use of prophylactic antibiotics. However, we should be aware that the use of perioperative antibiotics is not an alternative to a good surgical technique, as well as to asepsis and antisepsis practices. Use of surgical prophylactic antibiotics; It is the use of antibiotics or antimicrobial agents in the perioperative period without infection or to prevent the development of infection, in order to reduce the bacterial flora and bring the possible contamination to a level that normal host mechanisms can resist. While antibiotic prophylaxis is routinely recommended for clean-contaminated and contaminated surgical procedures, there are differences of opinion for clean surgical procedures. It is usually the treatment, not the prophylaxis used in dirty procedures. Elective operations of head and neck surgery are usually clean or clean-contaminated. Prophylaxis should be applied in clean-contaminated procedures where oral pharyngeal mucosa incision is made, such as parathyroidectomy, submandibular gland excision, tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, rhinoplasty, and mandible fracture repair. Radical or bilateral neck dissection and reconstruction operations with myocutaneous flaps or microvascular free flaps are risky procedures for SSI. For antimicrobial prophylaxis, cefazolin or cefuroxime and metronidazole or ampicillin-sulbactam alone can be given. Clindamycin can be given in combination with an aminoglycoside for Gram-negative microorganisms in patients with β-lactam allergy. It is important to make the most appropriate and correct prophylaxis in order to minimize antibiotic resistance, reduce costs and protect the patient from SAE. Surgical prophylaxis should be considered by all surgeons and prophylaxis protocols should be followed.