This study aims to examine the impact of genetic factors on the predisposition to sports injuries and evaluate how this knowledge can be utilized in personalized training and preventive strategies. Recent research has shown that genetic variations significantly influence an individual’s susceptibility to sports injuries. In this context, genes such as COL1A1, COL5A1, ACTN3, VEGFA, and IL6 are analyzed in terms of their effects on tissue durability, muscle fiber composition, inflammation processes, and recovery mechanisms. Furthermore, the interaction between environmental factors and genetic predisposition is assessed as a critical factor in optimizing athletic performance and reducing injury risk. The role of genetic testing in sports science and rehabilitation processes is discussed, along with recommendations for developing personalized preventive strategies. In conclusion, integrating genetic research into sports science applications is crucial for preventing sports injuries and accelerating recovery processes.