Iran is located at an important point in the Middle East. Iran has a rich geography in political, military, economic and social terms, where great empires were established, different ethnicities lived together. Iran maintains its importance in the modern world. In the Iranian region, empires such as Achaemenids, Persians and Sassanids were established in the early periods of history. Then the spread of Islam in the region and the intense cultural interaction between east and west contributed to the formation of an Iranian identity.
As a natural result of Iran being located in an area stretching from the Persian Gulf to the east of Anatolia to the west of India, many ethnic elements lived on the region. Different nations have lived in Iran throughout history due to the fact that Turkish migrations took place through Iran and the passageway of Arabs and Caucasian communities was Iran. Still, Iran’s land conditions allowed communities that migrated to habitable areas to settle in Iran’s geography. In addition, the geography of Iran has enabled these communities to preserve their own identities. In this study, information about the existing peoples in Iran and the general characteristic structures of these peoples are given.
Keywords: Anthropology, Iranian, Iran, Race, Culture.