The Tsarist Russian government implemented a policy of Russification in the field of education under the pretext of bringing civilization to the Turks living in Turkestan. In the Russian Tuzem schools established for this purpose, it was aimed to educate students who would instill Russian culture to the local people. After the start of the Soviet period, the decision of the Soviet People's Commissariat of the Turkestan Republic was passed regarding the right of all workers to receive education regardless of their nationality, age and religion. Educational policies were built in order to disintegrate the Turkishness that is being lived in Kyrgyzstan and all of Central Asia. The task of the first Soviet teachers was not limited to teaching. According to this education policy, teachers were charged with actively participating in the life of the society and making the public adopt the policy of the Soviet power. The decree to eradicate the ignorance of the peoples of the Russian federation, created after the October revolution, played a major role in education policies. Accordingly, the education policy was determined in line with the needs of the new Soviet government. With the decision of the People's Soviet Committee of the Turkestan Republic to "eliminate ignorance among the people", the campaign for the education of the whole people was strengthened. Short courses were opened for Party and Soviet workers. In the history of Kyrgyzstan, the 1920’s passed with the search for education and propaganda. The establishment of the Kyrgyz state and the increase in educational activities played an important role in the development of Kyrgyz culture. School books, newspapers and magazines began to appear in the Kyrgyz language. The number of libraries and cinemas has increased. However, there were serious problems such as the shortage of teachers, the absence of school books in the mother tongue and the lack of regularization of school hours. In 1930, a social cultural mobilization began to eradicate ignorance. In 1931, education was prepared in a programmed way and primary education was compulsory.
In this study, the implementation and development process of education, literature, art and language policies in the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist People's Republic will be examined.