The Early Republican Era, from the birth of the Republic of Turkey to the transition to the multi-party system, was a period in which the political structure of the country was completely reconstructed and the foundations of a modern nation-state were laid. This period, which took its first steps with the opening of the Parliament on 23 April 1920, was shaped under the rule of a single political party from 1926 to 1950. In this period, the political institutions of the state were organised under three main headings: central, provincial and local. While the central administration constituted the pinnacle of the state, provincial and local administrations ensured the spread of central authority throughout the country. The Presidency is an office elected by the Parliament, while the Prime Ministry and the Council of Ministers are appointed by the President. Auxiliary organisations at the centre supported the functioning of the state in various fields. The provincial organisation represented the central government in the provinces through provinces, districts and sub-districts. Local administrations provided local services through special provincial administrations and villages. This structure reflected a centralist administrative approach and aimed at protecting national integrity and implementing modernisation projects. The Early Republican Period was a period of radical changes in Turkey's political and social structure. Single party rule, while ensuring stability, restricted the expression of different political views. The modernisation moves accelerated social transformation, but this was not enough.