
Some Reconsiderations on Tattoo Tradition among the Scythians
Chapter from the book:
Tansü,
Y.
E.
(ed.)
2025.
Selected Writings on History -VIII.
Synopsis
The Scythians represented many tribes that were flexibly connected to each other in the lands extending from the Altays to the Danube River before the Trojan War, which is thought to have taken place in the 13th century BC. Hellenic sources record both their presence within this geography and their political and commercial relations with other peoples starting from the 7th century BC onwards. The Agathyrsoi, one of the Scythian tribes that were exiled to Thrace and took control of this region in the 7th century BC, brought their own traditions to this region. The tattoo tradition is one of these. They used the tattoo tradition, which they knew and practiced very well, to brand the Thracian women who were taken captive. It is seen that the Thracian women also spread tattoos all over their bodies in order to escape the stigma of being slaves and later adopted them. Tattoos seen on the bodies of free and slave women from Thrace and Scythians or Scythian Amazons (young Scythians) in the vase art works of Athens and Apulia from the 5th century BC onwards support the data in the Hellenic and Roman written sources. As a result of the archaeological excavations carried out especially in the Altai-Sayan and nearby regions, many tattooed mummies belonging to the Scythians as well as the tools used in tattooing (including gold and silver needles) have been unearthed. In the elite and other graves in the kurgans of Pazyryk and its vicinity from the Scythian geography dated from the 5th century BC onwards, animal tattoos representing the Scythian animal style, especially deer, ram and leopard, are dominant. While the mummies on the elite mummies are seen to be spread all over the body, individual single-type tattoos have been observed in those with lower status. This fact leads to the idea that the Scythian tattoo tradition was used more intensively, especially among elite individuals such as shamans, to code themselves in a distinctive way. In this context, animals intertwined with the Scythian lifestyle and signs or stamps representing visual language seem to have been preferred in tattoo applications.