This study examines how sustainability reporting has evolved globally, analyzing regulatory frameworks and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) standards from a comparative perspective. The research compares the sustainability reporting standards adopted in different countries, focusing on major economies such as the European Union (EU), the United States (US), and China. Accordingly, the EU has made sustainability reporting mandatory through the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), implementing strict audits to enhance transparency. The US, on the other hand, has adopted a market-driven ESG reporting model regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which relies on investor demand. In China, mandatory reporting is enforced for state-supported enterprises, while more flexible regulations are applied to the private sector. The study also identifies common themes in global regulations, such as non-financial information disclosures, carbon footprint reporting, mandatory independent audits, and alignment with international ESG standards. However, differences among countries become evident in terms of reporting formats, sectoral regulations, and legal enforcement mechanisms. In conclusion, the study highlights that greater standardization in sustainability reporting is needed on a global scale. Integrating sustainability reporting with financial reporting and strengthening independent audit mechanisms are also emphasized as crucial steps. In the future, enhanced global alignment in ESG reporting could help businesses develop more effective long-term sustainability strategies.