In this study, the profitability performances of companies traded on Borsa Istanbul and included in the SME Industry Index were analyzed through financial statements. Within the scope of the study, the financial data of a total of 28 companies in the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) SME Industry Index, which have full access to the necessary financial data, for the year 2023 were examined. In the study, the financial profitability, economic profitability, business volume profitability and gross sales profitability rates of each company were calculated. The data used within the scope of the study were obtained in accordance with the principles of transparency and reliability. In this context, the information about the relevant companies was obtained from the financial reports published on the Public Disclosure Platform (KAP) and the content shared by the companies on their official websites. Thus, the accuracy and up-to-dateness of the financial data used in the study was ensured. The study aimed to conduct a detailed analysis on the financial statements of the companies included in the SME Industry Index and aimed for the obtained results to be a useful source for evaluating the profitability performance of the companies and making meaningful inferences for the relevant parties. In this context, the study provides an important contribution to better understand the economic situation of the companies included in the relevant index. As a result of the study, the company with the highest financial profitability and economic profitability rate was determined as Özerden Ambalaj. In addition, the company with the highest business volume profitability rate was Park Elektrik Üretim Madencilik, while the company with the highest gross sales profitability rate was Yaprak Süt ve Besi Çiftlikleri.