Childhood cancers present a highly challenging process for both children and their families. Although five-year survival rates for these diseases have reached 85% thanks to advanced treatment methods, the treatment process poses significant psychosocial challenges for both children and their families. Research indicates that pediatric oncology patients and their families experience significant psychosocial difficulties throughout this period. Common psychological issues encountered during treatment include depression, anxiety, social isolation, post-traumatic stress disorder, aggression, hopelessness, and emotional-behavioral disorders. Effectively managing these psychosocial challenges requires appropriate communication strategies, support mechanisms, and multidisciplinary approaches. Pediatric oncology nurses play a crucial role in providing comprehensive support to both children and their families. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach not only helps patients and their families cope with these difficulties but also contributes to their overall well-being. In this context, it is essential for pediatric oncology nurses to assess the psychosocial needs of children and their families from the moment of diagnosis and implement appropriate interventions accordingly.