Renewable Energy-Driven Competitiveness and Strategies

Emre Demir
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7881-9575
Ozan Bahar
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-5479

Downloads

Read Book Download

Synopsis

This study examines the impact of renewable energy on competitiveness in the tourism sector within a theoretical framework. Considering the transformation of contemporary competition dynamics, it develops the "renewable energy-driven tourism competitiveness model," which explains how renewable energy sources contribute to competitive strength in the industry. The model enables a reconceptualization of competitiveness from a resource-based perspective and provides a theoretical roadmap for tourism businesses to shape their advantages through renewable energy. By addressing the interaction between renewable energy, the tourism sector, and competitiveness through an interdisciplinary approach, this study introduces a new theory of competitiveness to the literature.

Keywords:

  1. Alford, P. (1998) Positioning the Destination Product-Can Regional Tourist Boards Learn from Private Sector Practice?, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 7 (2), 53-68, 📋
  2. Al-Mulali, U., Fereidouni, H. G., and Mohammed, A. H. (2015). The effect of tourism arrival on CO2 emissions from transportation sector. Anatolia, 26 (2), 230–243 📋
  3. Angelkovaa, T., Koteski, C., Jakovleva, Z., and Mitrevsk, E. (2012). Sustainability and competitiveness of tourism. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44, 221 – 227. 📋
  4. Archer, B. (1995). The Impact of International Tourism on the Economy of Bermuda, 1994. Journal of Travel Research, 34(2), 27–30. 📋
  5. Bahar, O. & Demir, E. (2023). The impact of tourism on carbon (CO2) Emissions: An empirical analysis of Turkiye, Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 9(2), 53-6 📋
  6. Bahar, O. ve Kozak, M. (2012). Turizm Ekonomisi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık 📋
  7. Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective Images of Tourism Destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11–15. 📋
  8. Bellak C. J., and Weiss, A. A. (1993). Note on the Austrian diamond, Manage Int Rev, 2(33), N109 – 118 📋
  9. Ben Jebli, M., Ben Youssef, S., and Apergis, N. (2015). The dynamic linkage between renewable energy, tourism, CO2 emissions, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade. Latin American Economic Review, 28(2), 1-19 📋
  10. Bordas, E. (1994). Competitiveness of tourist destinations in long distance markets. The Tourist Review, 49(3), 3–9. 📋
  11. Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the Competitive Destination of the Future. Tourism Management, 21, 91-101. 📋
  12. Bunghez, C. L. (2016). The Importance of Tourism to a Destination's Economy Journal of Eastern Europe, Research in Business & Economics, 2016, 1-9. 📋
  13. Butler, R. (1991). Tourism, Environment, and Sustainable Development. Environmental Conservation, 18(3), 201-209. 📋
  14. Butler, R. (1999). Sustainable Tourism: A State of the Art review. Tourism Geographies, 1 (1), 7-25 📋
  15. Butler, R. W. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources, The Canadian Geographer, 24(1), 5–12. 📋
  16. Camilleri, M. A. (2018). The Tourism Industry: An Overview. In TravelMarketing, Tourism Economics and the Airline Product (Chapter 1, pp. 3-27). Cham,Switzerland: Springer Nature. 📋
  17. Cerović, L., Drpić, D., and Milojica, V. (2014). Renewable Energy Sources in the Function of Sustainable Business in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Turızam, 18 (3), 130-139 📋
  18. Chang, M. H., Rugman, A. M., and Verbeke, A. (1998). A generalized double diamond approach to the global competitiveness of Korea and singapore. International Business Review, 7(2), 135–150. 📋
  19. Cho, V. (2003). A Comparison of Three Different Approaches to Tourist Arrival Forecasting. Tourism Management, 24 (3), 323- 330 📋
  20. Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D. and Wanhill, S. (1993). Tourism Principles and Practice (4 th Edition). Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall 📋
  21. Craigwell, R. (2007). Tourism competitiveness in small island developing states, WIDER Research Paper, No. 2007/19, ISBN 9291909580=978-92-9190-958-2, The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki 📋
  22. Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408-424. 📋
  23. Crouch, G. I. (2010). Destination Competitiveness: An Analysis of Determinant Attributes. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 27–45. 📋
  24. Crouch, G. I., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1999). Tourism, Competitiveness, and Societal Prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 137–152. 📋
  25. Cuevas, J. R. L., Escobedo, J. V. J., Zabaloy, M. F., and Guzowski, C. (2020). Linking energy and tourism: energy efficiency in hotels of northeast of Mexico, Interamerican Journal of Environment and Tourism, 16(2), 106-115. 📋
  26. Çeken, H. (2016). Turizm Ekonomisi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık 📋
  27. D’Amore, L. J. (1988) Tourism – the world's peace industry. Business Quarterly 52 (3), 78–81 📋
  28. Dalton, G. J., Lockington, D. A., & Baldock, T. E. (2008). A survey of tourist attitudes to renewable energy supply in Australian hotel accommodation. Renewable Energy, 33, 2174–2185. 📋
  29. Demir, E. & Bahar, O. (2021). Turizm gelirlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi: Türkiye üzerine ampirik analiz, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research , 7 (2) , 162-172 📋
  30. Dimoska, T., & Trimcev, B. (2012). Competitiveness Strategies for Supporting Economic Development of the Touristic Destination. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44, 279–288. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.031 📋
  31. Dowling, R. (1993). An Environmentally-based Planning Model for Regional Tourism Development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1(1), 17–37. 📋
  32. Dunn, R. and Iso-Ahala, S. (1991) Sightseeing tourists’ motivations and satisfaction. Annals of Tourism Research 18 (2), 226–37. 📋
  33. Dunning J. H. (1992). The competitive advantage of countries and the activities of transnational corporations. Transnatl Corp, 1(1), 135 – 68. 📋
  34. Dunning, J. H. (1993). Internationalizing Porter’s Diamond. MIR. Management International Review, 33, 7–15. 📋
  35. Dunning, J. H., and McQueen, M. (1981). The eclectic theory of international production: A case study of the international hotel industry. Managerial and Decision Economics, 2(4), 197–210. 📋
  36. Dupeyras, A., & MacCallum, N. (2013). Indicators for measuring competitiveness in tourism: A Guidance Document. OECD Tourism Papers, 2013/02, OECD Publishing 📋
  37. Durbarry, R., and Sinclair, M. T. (2003). Market shares analysis: the case of French tourism demand, Annals of Tourism Research, 30, 927–941 📋
  38. Dwyer, L. and Forsyth, P. (1993) Foreign investment in Australian tourism: A framework for assessing impacts. Journal of Tourism Studies 4 (1), 26–37 📋
  39. Dwyer, L. and Forsyth, P. (1994) Motivation and impacts of foreign tourism investment. Annals of Tourism Research 21 (3), 512–37. 📋
  40. Dwyer, L., & Kim, C. (2003). Destination Competitiveness: Determinants and Indicators. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(5), 369–414 📋
  41. Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., and Rao, P. (2000). The price competitiveness oftravel and tourism: A comparison of 19 destinations. Tourism Management, 21 (1), 9–22 📋
  42. Eadington, W. R., & Redman, M. (1991). Economics and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 18(1), 41–56. 📋
  43. Elkan, W. (1975) The relation between tourism and employment in Kenya and Tanzania, The Journal of Development Studies, 11 (2), 123-130 📋
  44. Elliott, J. (2002). Tourism Politics and Public Sector Management. London: Taylor & Francis e-Library 📋
  45. Enright, M. J., and Newton, J. (2004). Tourism destination competitiveness: a quantitative approach, Tourism Management, 25, 777–788. 📋
  46. Enright, M. J., and Newton, J. (2005). Determinants of Tourism Destination Competitiveness in Asia Pacific: Comprehensiveness and Universality. Journal of Travel Research, 43(4), 339–350. 📋
  47. Erdoğan, S. (1995). Uluslararası Turizm. Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayını 📋
  48. Esen, S. and, Uyar, H. (2012). Examining the competitive structure of Turkish tourism industry in comparison with diamond model, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, 620 – 627 📋
  49. Eugenio-Martin, J. L., Martín Morales, N., and Scarpa, R. (2004). Tourism and economic growth in Latin American countries: A panel data approach, Nota di Lavoro, No. 26, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), Milano 📋
  50. Formica, S., & Uysal, M. (1996). The revitalization of Italy as a tourist destination. Tourism Management, 17(5), 323–331. 📋
  51. Frey, M. (2010). Deutschland – Erneuerbare Energien entdecken. Baedeker Allianz Reisefu¨hrer. Berlin: Mairdumont Verlaga 📋
  52. Gee C. Y., Makens, J. C. and Choy D. J. L. (1989). The Travel Industry. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold 📋
  53. Gooroochurn, N., and Sugiyarto, G. (2005). Competitiveness Indicators in the Travel and Tourism Industry. Tourism Economics, 11(1), 25–43 📋
  54. Gössling, S., & Peeters, P. (2015). Assessing tourism’s global environmental impact 1900–2050. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), 639–659. 📋
  55. Green, H., Hunter, C., & Moore, B. (1990). Assessing the environmental impact of tourism development. Tourism Management, 11(2), 111–120. 📋
  56. Hanafiah, M. H., Hemdi, M. A., and Ahmad, I. (2016). Does tourism destination competitiveness leadto performance? A case of ASEAN region, Original scientific paper, 64(3), 251 – 260 📋
  57. Hassan, S. (2000). Determinants of market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable tourism industry, Journal of Travel Research, 38(3), 239-245. 📋
  58. Heath, E. (2003). Towards a Model to Enhance Destination Competitiveness: a Southern African Perspective, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 10, 124-141 📋
  59. Heath, E., and G. Wall (1992). Marketing TourismDestinations: A Strategic Planning Approach. New York: John Wiley and Sons 📋
  60. Hosany, S., Prayag, G., Deesilatham, S., Cauševic, S., & Odeh, K. (2015). Measuring Tourists’ Emotional Experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 54(4), 482–495 📋
  61. Howitt, O. J. A., Revol, V. G. N., Smith, I. J., and Rodger, C. J. (2010). Carbon emissions from international cruise ship passengers’ travel to and from New Zealand. Energy Policy, 38, 2552– 256 📋
  62. Hunt, J. D. and Layne, D. (1991). Evolution Of Travel And Tourism Terminology And Definitions, Journal of Travel Research, 29 (4), 7-11. 📋
  63. IEA (2022). World Energy Investment 2022, International Energy Agency 📋
  64. İçöz, O. ve Kozak, M. (1995). Tourist Destination Management: Issues, Analysis and Policies. New York: Routledge 📋
  65. Jiricka, A., Salak, B., Eder, R., Arnberger, A., & Pro¨bstl, U. (2010). Energetic tourism: Exploring the experience quality of renewable energies as a new sustainable tourism market. In C. A. Brebbia & F. D. Pineda (Eds.), WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment (Vol. 139, Issue 4, pp. 55–68). Southampton: WIT Press. 📋
  66. Kadyan, J.S. and Kadyan, S., (2011), Green Marketing: Concepts and Applications, Global Journal of Business Management, 5(2), 71-76 📋
  67. Karagiorgas, M., Tsoutsos, T., Drosoua, V., Pouffary, S., Pagano, T., Lara, G. L., et al. (2006). HOTRES: Renewable energies in the hotels. An extensive technical tool for the hotel industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10(3), 198–224 📋
  68. Khalifa, G. S. A. (2020). Factors Affecting Tourism Organization Competitiveness: Implications for the Egyptian Tourism Industry, African Journal of Hospitality Tourism and Leisure, 9(3), 116-130 📋
  69. Kostakis, I., & Sardianou, E. (2012). Which factors affect the willingness of tourists to pay for renewable energy? Renewable Energy, 38(1), 169–172. 📋
  70. Kozak, M. (1999). Destination Competitiveness Measurement: Analysis of Effective Factors and Indicators. European Regional Science Association Conference Papers, Dublin. 📋
  71. Kozak, M., and Buhalis, D., (2019). Cross–border tourism destination marketing: Prerequisites and critical success factors. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 14, 1-9. 📋
  72. Kozak, M., and Rimmington, M. (1998). Measuring tourist destination competitiveness: conceptual considerations and empirical findings. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 18 (3), 273–283. 📋
  73. Laws, E. (1995). Tourist Destinatipn Management: Issues, Analysis and Policies. New York: Routledge 📋
  74. Lesmana, H., Sugiarto, S., Yosevina, C., and Widjojo, H. A. (2022). Competitive Advantage Model for Indonesia’s Sustainable Tourism Destinations from Supply and Demand Side Perspectives, Sustainability, 14, 16398 📋
  75. Liu H, Hasan M, Cui D, Yan J, Sun G (2022) Evaluation of tourism competitiveness and mechanisms of spatial differentiation in Xinjiang, China. PLOS ONE 17(2): e0263229 📋
  76. Lovelock, C. H. and Wirtz, J. (2011). Services Marketing: People, Technology, Strategy. U.S.A.: Pearson Education 📋
  77. Luštický, M. and Bednářová, M. (2018). Tourism Destination Competitiveness Assessment: Research & Planning Practice, Global Busıness & Fınance Revıew, 23(3), 49-67 📋
  78. Mangion, M.-L., R. Durbarry, and M. T. Sinclair (2005). “Tourism Competitiveness: Price and Quality.” Tourism Economics, 11 (1): 45–68 📋
  79. Maráková, V., Dyr, T., and Wolak-Tuzimek, A. (2016). Factors Of Tourism’s Competitiveness in the European Union Countres, Ekonomika a management, XIX (3), 92-109 📋
  80. Mazanec, J. A., Wöber, K., and Zins, A.H. (2007). Tourism Destination Competitiveness: From Definition to Explanation?, Journal of Travel Research, 46, 86-95. 📋
  81. Medina-Muñoz, D. R., Medina-Muñoz, R. D., and Chim-Miki, A. F. (2013). Tourism Competitiveness Assessment: The Current Status of Research in Spain and China. Tourism Economics, 19(2), 297–318 📋
  82. Middleton, V.T.C. (1994). Marketing in Travel and Tourism (Second Edition). Oxford: Butterworth & Heinemann 📋
  83. Mieczkowski, Z. (1990). World Trends in Tourism and Recreation. New York: Peter Lang 📋
  84. Miller, N. and Robinson, D. (1963). The Leisure Age. Its Challenge in Recreation. Belmont: Worldworth Publishing Company 📋
  85. Mira, M. R., Moura, A., & Breda, Z. (2016). Destination competitiveness and competitiveness indicators: Illustration of the Portuguese reality. Tékhne, 14(2), 90–103. 📋
  86. Murphy, P., Pritchard, M., & Smith, B. (2000). The destination product and its impact on traveller perceptions. Tourism Management, 21(1), 43-52. 📋
  87. Narula, R. (1993). Technology, international business and Porter’s” diamond”: Synthesizing a dynamic competitive development model. Management International Review, 33(2), 85–107 📋
  88. Navickas, V., and Malakauskaite, A. (2009). The possibilities for the identification and evaluation of tourism sector competitiveness factors. Engineering Economics, 61(1), 37-44 📋
  89. OECD (2022). Competition in Energy Markets, OECD Competition Policy Roundtable Background Note, www.oecd.org/daf/competition/competition-in-energy-markets-2022.pdf. 📋
  90. Oppermann, M. (1996). Convention destination images: analysis of association meeting planners’ perceptions. Tourism Management, 17(3), 175–182 📋
  91. Papatheodorou, A. (2003). Exploring Competition Issues in Tourism, Conference: International Conference on Managing Tourism in the Global Economy At: Melbourne, Australia 📋
  92. Pearce, D. G. (1997). Competitive Destination Images: Analysis of Association Meeting Planners’ Perceptions. Tourism Management, 17 (3): 175–82 📋
  93. Peeters, P., Szimba, E., and Duijnisveld, M. (2007). Major environmental impacts of European tourist transport. Journal of Transport Geography, 15, 83 – 93 📋
  94. Pollock A. (2007) The climate change challenge. Implications for the tourism industry. The Icarus Foundation, A Discussion Paper, 1-28. 📋
  95. Poon, A. (1993). Tourism, Technology and Competitive Strategies. Wallingford: C.A.B International. 📋
  96. Ritchie, J. R. B (1984). Assessing the Impact of Hallmark Events: Conceptual and Research Issues. Journal of Travel Research, 23(1), 2–11. 📋
  97. Ritchie, J. R. B., and Crouch, G. I. (2003). The Competitive Destination: A sustainable tourism perspective. CABI Publishing 📋
  98. Robu, V., and Balan, A. (2009). The Analysis of Competitiveness in the Tourism Sector in the Actual Context of Economic Crisis. Journal of Tourism- Studies and Research in Tourism, 7 (7), 84-89 📋
  99. Romão, J., and Nijkamp, P. (2017). Impacts of Innovation, Productivity and Specialization on TourismCompetitiveness – A Spatial Econometric Analysis on European Regions, Current Issues In Tourism 22(2):1-20 📋
  100. Romeril, M. (1989). Tourism and the environment — accord or discord? Tourism Management, 10(3), 204–208 📋
  101. Ross, G. F. (1992). Resident Perceptions of the Impact of Tourism on an Australian City. Journal of Travel Research, 30(3), 13–17. 📋
  102. Sánchez, A. G., and Lopez, S. L. (2015). Tourism destination competitiveness: the Spanish Mediterranean case Tourism Economics, 2015, 21 (6), 1235–1254 📋
  103. Scott, D., Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 3(3), 213–232. 📋
  104. Sharif, A., Afshan, S., and Nisha, N. (2017). Impact of tourism on CO2 emission: Evidence from Pakistan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(4), 408–42 📋
  105. Sharma, B., Dyer, P., Carter, J., & Gursoy, D. (2008). Exploring Residents’ Perceptions of the Social Impacts of Tourism on the Sunshine Coast, Australia. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 9(3), 288–311. 📋
  106. Sharpley, R. (2006). Travel and Tourism. California: SAGE Publications Ltd 📋
  107. Simatupang, T. M. Schwab, A., Lantu, D. C. (2015). Building Sustainable Entrepreneurship Ecosystems, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 26 (4), 389-398. 📋
  108. Sinclair, M. T., & Tsegaye, A. (1990). International tourism and export instability. Journal of Development Studies, 26(3), 487–504 📋
  109. Širá, E., and Pukała, R. (2019). Competitiveness of Travel and Tourism in Selected Countries. Czech Journal of Tourism, 8(1), 17–31. 📋
  110. Song, H., Romilly, P., & Liu, X. (2000). An empirical study of outbound tourism demand in the UK. Applied Economics, 32(5), 611–624. 📋
  111. Sonntag, V. (2000). Sustainability — in light of competitiveness. Ecological Economics, 34(1), 101–113 📋
  112. Sul H-K, Chi X, Han H. (2020). Measurement Development for Tourism Destination Business Environment and Competitive Advantages. Sustainability, 12(20), 8587 📋
  113. Sunlu, U. (2003). Environmental impacts of tourism. Camarda D., and Grassini L. Local resources and global trades: Environments and agriculture in the Mediterranean region. In (263-270). Bari: CIHEAM. 📋
  114. Swarbrooke, J., Beard, C., Leckie, S. and Pomfret, G. (2003). Adventure Tourism. USA: Taylor & Francis Ltd 📋
  115. Tang, S., Selvanathan, E. A., & Selvanathan, S. (2007). The Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Tourism: Empirical Evidence from China. Tourism Economics, 13(1), 25–39. 📋
  116. Tooman, L.A. (1997). Multipliers and life cycles: A comparison of methods for evaluating tourism and its impacts. Journal of Economic Issues, 31(4), 917–932 📋
  117. Towner, J. (1995). What is Tourism' s History? Tourism Management, 16 (5), 339- 343 📋
  118. Tribe, J. (1999). Economics of Leisure and Tourism. London: Butterworth-Heinemann 📋
  119. Ünal, T. (1990). Turizm ve Çevre Konferansı. Ankara: Türkiye Çevre Sorunları Vakfı Yayını 📋
  120. Van den Bosch, F., and Van Prooijen A. A. (1992). The Competitive Advantage of European Nations: The Impact of National Culture — A Missing Element in Porter’s Analysis? European Management Journal, 10(2), 173 –177. 📋
  121. Vanhole, N. (2005). The Economics of Tourism Destinations 📋
  122. Theory and Practice. U.K.: Routledge 📋
  123. Vanhove, N. (2002). Tourism policy — between competitiveness and sustainability: The case of Bruges. Tourism Review, 57(3), 34–40. 📋
  124. Vengesayi, S. (2003). A Conceptual Model of Tourism Destination Competitiveness andAttractiveness. Conceptual Papers / Marketing Theory Track, December, 637–647 📋
  125. Wahab, S. (1997). Sustainable tourism in the developing world. In S. Wahab, & J. J. Pigram (Eds.), Tourism, development and growth. ¹he challenge of sustainability (pp. 129—146). London: Routledge. 📋
  126. Waheeduzzaman, A., and Ryans, J. J. K. Jr. (1996). Definition, perspectives, and understanding of international competitiveness: A quest for a common ground. Competitiveness Review, 6(2), 7–26 📋
  127. Walker, J. R. (2011). It’s Tourism: Concepts and Practices. U.S.A.: Pearson Education. 📋
  128. World Economic Forum (WEF) (2022). Travel & Tourism Development Index 2021 Rebuilding for a Sustainable and Resilient Future, Insight Report, May 2022. 📋
  129. WTTC (2022). Economıc Impact 2022: Global Trends. Head of Research, World Travel & Tourism Council. https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2022/EIR2022-Global%20Trends.pdf 📋
  130. Yuksel, F., Bramwell, B., & Yuksel, A. (1999). Stakeholder interviews and tourism planning at Pamukkale, Turkey. Tourism Management, 20(3), 351–360. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(98)00117-4. 📋
  131. D’aveni, R. A. and Gunther, R. (1994). Hypercompetition: Managing the Dynamics of Strategic Maneuvering. New York: The Free Press 📋
  132. Jambor, A., & Babu, S. (2016). Competitiveness: Definitions, Theories and Measurement. Competitiveness of Global Agriculture, 25–45. 📋
  133. Dennis, K. (1975). Competıtıon' İn The Hıstory Of Economıc Thought. A Thesis to Fulfil the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Submitted to the Faculty of Social Studies University of Oxford 📋
  134. Soule, G. (1978). Ekonominin ABC’si. (Çev. Nejat Muhallimoğlu). İstanbul: Muhallimoğlu Yayınları 📋
  135. Porter, M. (2011). Rekabet Üzerine. Çev. Türkiye İhracatçılar Meclisi, Optimist Yayınları, İstanbul 📋
  136. Bahar, O. ve Kozak, M. (2012). Turizm ve Rekabet. Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara 📋
  137. Heckscher, E. (1919). The effect of foreign trade on the distribution of income. Ekonomisk Tidskrift, 21, 497-512. 📋
  138. Heckscher, E. F. (1935). Mercantilism. U.K: Routledge. 📋
  139. Polanyi, K. (1977). The Economistic Fallacy. Review (Fernand Braudel Center), 1(1), 9–18 📋
  140. Porter, M. (2011). Rekabet Üzerine. Optimist Yayınları, İstanbul 📋
  141. Polanyi, K. (12010). Büyük Dönüşüm. (Çev. Ayşe Buğra). İletişim Yayınları 📋
  142. Moore, J. (1973). Rekabetin Ölümü. U.K.: Homewood. 📋
  143. Aktan. C. C. ve Vural, İ. Y. (2004). Yeni Ekonomi ve Yeni Rekabet. Ankara: Ajans-Türk Basım ve Basım A.Ş. 📋
  144. Cantillon, R. (1755/2011). Essai sur la nature du commerce en général. Paris: Institut Coppet 📋
  145. Porter, M. E. (1998) The Competitive Advantage of Nations (11th ed.). New York: Free Press. 📋

How to cite this book

Demir, E. & Bahar, O. (2025). Renewable Energy-Driven Competitiveness and Strategies. Özgür Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub661

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Published

March 29, 2025

ISBN

PDF
978-625-5958-36-5

DOI

https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub661

Categories

Copyright (c) 2025 Emre Demir, Ozan Bahar