This study examines the urbanisation process in Turkey from a historical perspective, analysing the causes and effects of urbanisation.The study explores how urbanisation in Turkey has been shaped by migration from rural areas to cities due to mechanisation in agriculture instead of industrialisation.It discusses the economic, political, technological and socio-psychological causes of urbanisation, highlighting the negative effects of rapid urbanisation, such as infrastructure deficiencies, squatting and environmental problems. The study demonstrates that urbanisation in Turkey, while ensuring the modernisation of the social structure, has resulted in certain chronic problems due to the inadequacy of urbanisation policies.  This study contributes to the broader discourse on urbanisation by underscoring its multifaceted nature, which encompasses not only population movements but also profound economic, social, and cultural transformations. The study emphasises the necessity for the formulation of more sustainable and meticulously planned urbanisation policies in the future, thus offering a valuable insight into the intricate dynamics of Turkey's urbanisation process. The objective of the present study is to make a contribution to the extant literature by means of providing a comprehensive overview of Turkey's urbanisation process.