The continuous efforts to enhance performance and efficiency in the aerospace industry necessitate the development of advanced materials with improved thermal stability and mechanical strength. In this section, the potential applications of Carbon (CNTs), Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) in the aerospace sector are examined. In this context, their advantages in key areas such as thermal and mechanical properties and weight reduction of aircraft are analyzed. Composite materials like CNTs and BNNTs have the potential to significantly improve the strength-to-weight ratio of structural components of aircraft, thereby enhancing fuel efficiency and considerably reducing carbon emissions. This study discusses the advantages of nanocomposite structures such as CNTs and BNNTs in reshaping aerospace architecture in terms of energy efficiency and strength.