Climate change has become a major environmental challenge that threatens plant health, food security and ecosystem sustainability by disrupting the balance in agroecosystems. Increasing temperature, changing rainfall regimes and extreme weather events are expanding the range of plant diseases and pests and weakening the resilience of plants to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. In this context, innovative crop protection strategies are needed to ensure the sustainability of agricultural production and mitigate the impacts of climate change.  The article discusses plant protection methods within the framework of chemical, biological and integrated approaches and focuses on the advantages of biological control agents, especially microorganisms such as Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Clonostachys rosea, under climate change conditions. These microorganisms contribute to the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems by improving soil health while enhancing plant adaptation to stress conditions. It also highlights the innovative solutions offered by genetic engineering and precision agriculture technologies through the development of resistant plant varieties and effective monitoring of pests. In conclusion, it is stated that a holistic approach should be adopted in combating climate change. Sustainable agricultural practices, conservation of biodiversity and adaptation of farmers to these innovations are critical for the future of agricultural production. In this study, recommendations for the restructuring of plant protection strategies are presented and effective solutions are discussed for the adaptation of agriculture to climate change and the protection of food security.