Climate change is more than just an environmental crisis; it also has profound effects on social and economic structures. Rising temperatures, irregular rainfall patterns, droughts and sea level rises threaten agricultural production, food security and water resources, leading to rural migration, job losses and economic imbalances. Particularly vulnerable communities are increasingly exposed to the negative impacts of climate change, and social problems such as poverty and inequality are deepening. Although the effects of climate change are felt on a global scale, it is inevitable that each region will have different consequences depending on its own socio-economic structure. In this context, understanding the effects of climate change on the social and economic structure is of critical importance for the measures to be taken in line with the sustainable development goals in the future. In this study, studies, predictions and reports of the parties, institutions and researchers related to the subject were used and a general framework was given under selected headings. Greater cooperation and investment, both globally and locally, will play a critical role in reducing the negative impacts of climate change. For all parties, combating climate change is not a choice, but a necessity.