In recent years, the use of sweeteners with no nutritional value has increased. The use of these sweeteners has also increased during pregnancy and the long-term consequences are unclear. In this review, we aimed to examine the effects of sweetener use during pregnancy on maternal and infant health. The use of non-nutritive sweeteners during pregnancy leads to increased pregnancy weight gain and development of pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery. It has been observed that sweetener use during pregnancy causes an increase in infant weight, a decrease in infant microbiota, changes the taste perception of infants and causes heart disease and obesity in the future. In addition to maternal consumption, it has been observed that fathers' consumption of artificial sweeteners is passed on to the baby through epigenetic transmission. Although there are fewer studies on the effects of non-nutritive sweetener consumption before and during pregnancy, there have been effects on infant outcomes, including risk of preterm birth, increased infant body composition and offspring preference for sweet foods, although the mechanisms are unclear. Sugar consumption and other sweeteners during pregnancy may have a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes and fetal health, and more observational and randomized controlled trials are needed in this area.