While movements and activities performed regularly to improve physiological and physical health can be defined as exercise, the exercise type performed by the individual using their own body weight can be defined as calisthenic exercise. In the rhythmic movements performed within the scope of calisthenic exercise, the person's body weight is used as resistance. This type of exercise positively affects many parameters from strengthening the muscle structure to increasing endurance. Calisthenic exercises target muscle groups located in different parts of the body and contribute to the development of many basic physical skills. In this book section where calisthenic exercise and physical fitness are discussed, it can be said that calisthenic exercises allow individuals to live a healthier and more vigorous life by increasing their physical capacity, and that calisthenic exercises performed regularly contribute to both physical and mental health.