While biotechnology offers great innovations in sports sciences in terms of performance monitoring and enhancement, it also poses significant risks in terms of athlete health and ethics. Sports technologies and biotechnology provide significant advances in enhancing athletic performance, preventing injuries and optimizing training processes. Biotechnology-assisted rehabilitation methods have revolutionized the treatment of sports injuries and offer innovative approaches to the treatment of sports injuries, such as stem cell therapies and regenerative medicine. Innovative approaches such as stem cell therapies and regenerative medicine allow athletes to recover faster and accelerate their return to sport. However, genetic engineering has great potential in improving sports performance. Gene therapy and gene doping are among the biotechnological applications that can have significant effects on sporting performance, but need to be handled with caution due to ethical controversies and health risks. In the future, while biotechnology and genetic engineering applications offer opportunities to improve athletes' performance on a more scientific basis, the ethical dimensions of these technologies should also be considered. Studies to better understand the effects of genetic variants on individual performance will allow the development of personalized training and rehabilitation programs based on the genetic profiles of athletes, thus contributing to a more scientific, efficient and ethical basis of sports performance.