The Roman Empire preserved its power throughout history by constructing roads and thereby establishing a transportation network. The phrase "All roads lead to Rome" serves as evidence of this. While the term "Rome" here is commonly understood to refer to Rome in Italy, the phrase was, in fact, originally intended for Istanbul (Constantinople), the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. The point being emphasized here is the role of transportation networks and routes in determining the fate of countries and cities. In this book, the impact of transportation, specifically in relation to the GAP Airport, on the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental structure of Şanlıurfa has been elucidated.  Şanlıurfa is an ancient city that has hosted some of the oldest civilizations in the history of mankind. Göbeklitepe and Karahantepe, which are considered the "zero point" of history, provide the most evident examples. The book presents the historical, cultural, and touristic attractions of Şanlıurfa in a holistic manner, considering economic, socio-cultural, and environmental perspectives. In this context, the civil architectural works of Şanlıurfa (traditional Urfa houses, Harran beehive houses, streets, and arcades); monumental structures (mosques, inns, monasteries and churches, museums, tombs, madrasas, fountains, baths, city walls, and castles, historical houses, squares, caves, and bazaars where commercial life thrives); traditional crafts (weaving, felt-making, copper work); historically significant sites (Göbeklitepe, Karahantepe, Haleplibahçe); crafts related to metalwork and leatherwork (copper work, fur, leather jacket making); cultural lifestyles and entertainments (traditional "sıra gecesi" nights, folk dancing, equestrianism, bird keeping); and traditional production methods and touristic attractions associated with culinary culture (isot peppers, pepper jam, Urfa pistachios, "mırra" coffee, Urfa cheese, Urfa clarified butter) have been examined. The relationship between transportation and development in the city has been examined through surveys and interviews conducted with decision-makers, suppliers, and actors in the service sector who play roles in transportation and touristic consumption. It has been observed that tourist transportation to Şanlıurfa is predominantly facilitated through GAP Airport. By examining how domestic and international visitors affect the city's economic, socio-cultural, and environmental structure, a roadmap to be followed has been outlined. In this context, evaluations have been conducted through interviews with local administrators, the Directorate of Culture and Tourism, academics, accommodation businesses, travel agencies, civil society organizations (such as gastronomy centers and tourism development groups), GAP Airport representatives, and the local community. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated how transportation can impact a city and potentially alter its destiny.