Radiotherapy (RT) is a continuously evolving treatment technique, driven by technological advancements in computers and artificial intelligence. These technological developments enable ongoing methodological and practical improvements in RT treatment planning. The most significant advancements in recent years have been in dose calculation algorithms. With the development of algorithms in RT, treatment plans have become more aligned with actual doses, resulting in better clinical outcomes. The aim of this study is to examine the main dose calculation algorithms used in RT clinics. Additionally, it will summarize the principles employed by these algorithms in dose calculations, analyze their strengths and weaknesses, and compare them with each other. This will provide a clear and concise perspective on the subject, helping medical physicists perform their duties more effectively and efficiently, ultimately improving patient outcomes and enhancing the overall quality of radiation therapy management.