Extreme warming and changing precipitation regimes negatively affect life, agricultural productivity, biodiversity, and urban and rural areas, and threaten food and water security.  The impact of climate change on the Amazon rainforest is more devastating and certain. Amazon forests include 40% of the total surface area of Brazil, which is the largest country with the largest population and economy in Latin America. Surrounded by the Guiana Plateaus in the north, the Andes Mountains in the west, the central plateau of Brazil in the south, and the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Amazon is both one of the world's most important oxygen sources and the heart of biodiversity and endemic species. However, Brazil encouraged the clearing of forests in the Amazon between 1960 and 1980 for beef production, farming, and timbering. The Latin American region is the focus of this article because the region that extracted mining from the 16th century to the present, has been home to some of the richest individuals in the world, but has remained widely poor. After the Second World War, two different development approaches racing between the USA and Soviet Russia to provide the newly independent nations poverty alleviation. In the early 1960s, the United States increased its financial aids and focus on Latin America. Today, the economy of the majority of Latin American countries based on agriculture, mining, and tourism. The opening of protected areas in Latin America for mining causes soil contamination, and displacement of indigenous people and threatens nature-based tourism.