The author of this book defended her doctoral thesis titled "Media and Democracy: The Role of Media in the Political Power-Society Relationship in Turkey" under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Tülay Özüerman at Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Public Administration in 2010. The ongoing process of digitization since the presentation of the thesis in 2010 and the ensuing political and cultural transformations necessitated a revisiting of the subject. Developed under the guidance of theory and research, this book aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the processes and effects that emerge during the evolutionary process from traditional media to digital media from a critical comparative perspective. The study encompasses concepts that were just emerging at the time the inspiring thesis was written, such as social media, post-truth, and filter bubbles, which, though gaining attention, had not yet fully manifested their effects. Simultaneously, concepts inherited from the traditional media era, central to discussions on media and democracy, such as public opinion, mediatization, and the personalization of politics, have been re-evaluated in the context of digitization, providing an interdisciplinary entry into the fields of political communication and democracy. Without succumbing to technological determinism, the study approaches both traditional and digital media not as the causes of societal problems but as contexts that open new avenues for issues like inequality, magnifying their embedded problems and effects. The book is structured around two main sections. Firstly, it discusses the facts and processes that lead to issues arising in the context of media and democracy in segmented chapters. However, these phenomena and processes are not easily separable, making it more productive for the reader to consider the references throughout the book. In the second part of the book, the effects of both traditional and digital media, depending on the processes mentioned in the previous section, are examined. The recommendation to read while paying attention to the references also applies to this section. In light of its exploration of topics that have not been extensively studied in the Turkish literature, we hope this book, prepared with the aspiration of inspiring new researchers, will fill a significant gap in the literature.