Reflections of Diyarbakır Press of 27 May Coup
Chapter from the book:
Tansü,
Y.
E.
&
Kara,
F.
(eds.)
2023.
Selected Articles in the Field of History -V.
Synopsis
The coup of May 27, 1960, which was the first military intervention in the history of the Republic of Turkey, ended the rule of the Democratic Party (DP). The democratization process, which started in 1946 and gained a new dimension with the DP coming to power in 1950, suffered a major blow on May 27, producing results that left deep marks on the history of Turkish democracy. The Yassıada trials, which would end with the execution of Adnan Menderes, the prime minister of the DP governments that ruled the country for ten years, as well as Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan, left behind debates that continue until today. Since the first days of 1960, the government-opposition relations the tense atmosphere, which increased day by day, soon spilled onto the streets and increased social polarization. The political debate between the main opposition Republican People's Party (RPP) and the DP government has spread from the parliament to party organizations and daily life. In this heavy and radical political atmosphere, national and local press organs adopted an extremely biased attitude and turned into the media organs of the parties. While local newspapers, especially published in provincial centers and districts, witnessed the struggle between polarized parties on a provincial scale, newspaper columns began to compete with each other in refuting mutual claims and giving the impression that the other party was on the verge of bankruptcy. Polemics are made through harsh accusations and a cool-headed view the days in question, where the perspective was lost, continued until May 27, 1960, in a process accompanied by street demonstrations. The restructuring period that started after the coup took place in an atmosphere where the political mentality that wanted to hold the DP government to account had reached its peak. While this atmosphere brought about drastic changes in the publishing policies of the media organs supporting the DP before May 27, the allegations against DP executives and deputies would meet the most basic news needs of the newspaper pages for months. This process turned local newspapers, like many national newspapers, into ideological devices of the understanding of discrediting the previous government in the eyes of society, by publishing publications in line with the new administration's perspective, contrary to the publishing policies of the recent past. This study examines the publication policies of the provincial press before and after May 27 from the perspective of change, through seven newspapers published in Diyarbakır.