The Ottoman Empire initiated reforms in educational institutions under the influence of westernization since the 19th century. The reforms that started in military institutions also spread to civilian education institutions. However, the reforms that could be made in the military field encountered more resistance in the field of civilian education due to the pressure of madrasahs. Tanzimat intellectuals, who aimed to secularize education, implemented the formula of opening new schools without interfering with old schools and reforming traditional schools in a way that would not attract reaction when necessary, due to the resistance they encountered. During this period, education was seen as a tool that would save the state from disintegration, the fact that minorities and foreign schools were qualitatively superior to Ottoman educational institutions, and the fact that the Muslim-Turkish nation was very backward in education encouraged the sultans and statesmen to urgently deal with primary education and to spread primary education all over the empire. . Usul-i cedide schools were opened and these schools spread to every corner of the empire. Although primary schools providing education in the old style continued their existence until the Tevhid-i Tedrisat Law dated 1924, II. Its areas narrowed during the Constitutional Monarchy Period. During the Republic Period, with the Unification of Education Law dated 1924, Sıbyan and Primary Schools became history, and "schools" were opened instead of old-sounding terms such as sıbyan and mektep.