In the contemporary penal system, imprisonment can be insufficient in reducing criminal behaviors and preventing recidivism. Accordingly, the probation system has been established as an alternative system in the penal system for the adaptation and rehabilitation of offenders to society and to prevent re-offending. However, probationers can reluctantly and resilient participate in the activities determined in their supervision plans. Resistance in improvement efforts can occasionally be challenging and can decrease the effectiveness rate of the activities. Motivational interviewing is considered as an important method for dealing with resistance encountered in improvement efforts. At the first instance it was first used in the field of substance addiction and then expanded in scope. Now it is accepted that motivational interviewing provides positive contributions to the readiness levels of probationers to quit substance use, an increase in their level of responsibility, and enhances their motivation. Additionally, there are studies showing that substance use relapses have decreased via motivational interviewing. In this context, it can be said that using motivational interviewing in individual interviews and group studies conducted in the probation system will reduce resistance, increase probationers’ desires, decrease substance use relapses, and contribute to crime prevention. According to the current study, it is recommended to provide probation officers with training in motivational interviewing techniques and diversify the improvement efforts in this context.