Dear readers, in parallel with the studies in the field of basic medicine and health and the developments in technology, more studies are needed and more studies are carried out in multidisciplinary fields. Medicine in the 21st century began to deal with social issues. Human health has become more and more important. Different studies and new technologies began to emerge for people to live a healthy life. This book has been prepared in order to be a tidy reference source for the literature in many different fields including medicine and health.

We owe a debt of gratitude to all our professors who contributed to the preparation of the book, and we express our respect and love to the BZT Academy Board of Directors, who provided us with this opportunity during the delivery of the book to you.