In the innovative world of biomaterial applications, composite materials have emerged as a groundbreaking solution with versatile properties. These materials, which blend two or more substances, have significant potential for various industries, especially health and medical treatments. Composite materials exhibit a unique combination of high mechanical strength, specific bioactivity, and high biocompatibility, making them highly attractive for biomedical applications. Their applications range from orthopedic implants and dental restorations to tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. Offering an advantageous alternative to traditional materials like titanium and stainless steel, they provide strength, biocompatibility, and functional applicability. For instance, in orthopedics, composites provide bone-like hardness, stimulate bone growth, and reduce the risk of stress shielding. Similarly, in tissue engineering, composite materials like polymer-bioceramic scaffold structures demonstrate the ability to provide a versatile environment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, contributing to the regeneration of tissues. Composite nanomaterials have found use in drug delivery systems, providing controlled and targeted drug release by enhancing structural properties. The future of composite materials in biomaterial applications looks promising with exciting advancements in the development of nanocomposites, smart, stimulus-responsive materials, and biologically absorbable composites. Ultimately, advancements in production techniques, particularly the rise of 3D printing, have proven to have a significant role in initiating a new era of personalized composite biomaterials. This innovation reshapes the production of biomaterials by offering more versatile and specific solutions in numerous biomedical fields, expanding the range of applications for these materials. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of composite materials in biomaterial applications, examining their classifications, properties, and various applications.