Cancer is the second most mortality reason all around the world and this disease is closely related to lifestyle behaviors. Especially, it is thought that nutrition habits have potential negative and/or positive relations to cancer development. There are the Mediterranean, DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), Nordic diets, and vegan styles of nutrition, etc. in the popular nutrition models nowadays. On the other hand, many people adopt Western-style nutrition behaviors. The plant-based nutrition models; the Mediterranean, DASH, and Nordic diets have both similar nutritional content and effects on cancer development. Even though the vegan style of nutrition is a good source of plant-based nutrients and nutritional substances, unfortunately, it may cause to deficiencies of animal-sourced nutrients and nutritional substances in the long term. Moreover, Western-style nutrition habits have many harmful effects on the risk of cancer development. All of these potential effect mechanisms and related studies are discussed in this chapter. From this point, adherence to the Mediterranean diet which is the accepted nutrition model all around the world and is known as the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, can potentially reduce the risk of many chronic diseases including cancer.